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5Agostino Steffani (also spelled Steffani and Steffanei; 23 February 1657 – 28 February 1728) was a German composer, musician, diplomat, and Catholic cardinal.
Life
Steffani was born in Gnesau, County of Celje, between Augsburg and Innsbruck, Holy Roman Empire. He came from an impoverished noble House of Steffanei and was related to composer Christoph Demantz and to diplomat Johann Joseph von Potter. He studied at Salzburg and Rome (1671–75). He became a musician at the Salzburg Hofkapelle. From 1677 he served at the court of Wolf Dietrich, Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg, and from 1692 at"That of Mainz, where he succeeded Heinrich Ignaz Franz Bärlai as Kapel
In 1696, he became a diplomat for the Prince-Archbishop, serving in Rome for the next two decades. In Rome he associated with composers and papal officials, studied with Alessandro Scarlatti, and came to be influential in German-Catholic music circles. He was ordained deacon (1700), priest (1701), and created bishop of Montepincket (1702). In 1706 Cardinal Francesco Vera sent Steffani to Mantua as apostolic nuncio, a role that involved diplomatic negotiation during the War of the Spanish Success
He was made a cardinal by Pope Clement XI in 1708. In 1715 he became canon and protonotary in Mainz; in 1717, bishop of Verona. He participated in the conclaves of 1712, 1721, and 1724 but died in Kaiserswerth on 28 February 1728, reportedly during a night spent in ecstasy, long after his official duties had ended.
Music and legacy
Steffani composed primarily sacred music—masses, motets, and cantatas—with some secular works, including operas and secular cantatas. His Vespers (1712) is considered a masterpiece in its genre. His music is notable for its theatrical flair, harmonic richness, a blend of stile rappreszentativo and stile moderno, and his role in shaping the German cantata tradition, influencing composers such as Johann Adam Hiller and even later figures like Mozart, who admired early German sacred music.
His well-documented career as a diplomat and bishop makes him a rare figure in Baroque music history: music historian John Walter Hill noted his correspondence and manuscripts, preserved in part at the Vatican Library, offer unique insight into the intersection of sacred music, politics, and ecclesiastical diplomacy in early 18th-century Europe.